千里江陵金菊飘香 成为农民增收致富的“黄金菊”
golden chrysanthemums scent jiangling and bulge the purses of local farmers
极目新闻记者 黄志刚
通讯员 黄洋 樊孝银
翻译：杨勇 尚绮 卫拉 （湖北大学）
jimu news reporter: huang zhigang
correspondents: huang yang, fan xiaoyin
translators: yang yong, shang qi, lisa m. k (hubei university)
千里江陵，金菊飘香。立冬节气过后，荆州市江陵县的千亩金菊进入采摘期。连日来，当地金菊合作社正组织菊农，趁着晴好天气采收江陵金菊，广袤的金菊基地洋溢着丰收的喜悦。
after the start of winter, the scent of chrysanthemums begins to permeate through the air in jingling county, jingzhou city which boasts hundreds of acres of chrysanthemums. it is also the perfect time to harvest chrysanthemum. for the past days, the local chrysanthemum cooperatives have been organizing farmers to pick up chrysanthemums and the vast golden fields are brimming with a bountiful harvest.
江陵金菊，别名黄金菊、金香菊、金菊等，其种植历史最早可追溯到1993年的江陵县郝穴镇齐心村。1997年，当地菊农从众多野生饮用菊花品种中选育改良，形成了品质独特的江陵特有品种，命名为“江陵金菊”。后来，江陵金菊荣获“地理标志证明商标”，在乡村产业振兴中发挥着重要带动作用。
jiangling chrysanthemum is also named golden chrysanthemum or golden fragrant chrysanthemum. chrysanthemums were first planted in qixin village, haoxue town of jiangling county in 1993. then in 1997, the local chrysanthemum growers developed a special variety, named “jiangling golden chrysanthemum” after they selected and improved certain seeds from a variety of wild edible chrysanthemums. “jiangling golden chrysanthemum” later won the title of the “certification trademark of geographical indication” and played a leading role in the revitalization of the rural industries.
如今，一株小小的金菊已经成为江陵的农副产品名片，也成为菊农增收致富的“黄金菊”。搭乘“千里江陵”区域公用品牌的快车，江陵金菊已经畅通了线上、线下销售渠道，小小金菊实现了香飘全国。
now the small chrysanthemum has become a trademark for jiangling's agricultural and sideline products, a “cash cow” for local growers. taking advantage of the regional public brand “qianli jiangling”[1], “jiangling golden chrysanthemum” has achieved unimpeded sales both online and offline, wafting its scent across the country.
([1]“qianli jiangling”, literally “thousand mile jiangling”，is alluded to the poem “the river journey from white king city to jiangling” written by li bai, a great poet in the tang dynasty(618－907) who was dubbed the “poet-immortal”.)
江陵金菊采收“大会战” the great harvest of “jiangling golden chrysanthemum”
金菊染大地，菊农忙丰收
chrysanthemums are blooming and growers are busy harvesting
“大伙儿加把劲，趁降雨前采完。”11月20日，极目新闻记者来到江陵县熊河镇两湖垸村，连片的菊花基地被点染成金黄色，初冬暖阳洒在一望无际的菊海中熠熠生辉，微风带着阵阵菊香扑面而来，清幽的香气令人心旷神怡。基地里，20多位菊农正埋头采摘花朵，合作社负责人正催促他们抢抓晴好天气加紧采收。
“hurry up, everybody, let's get it done before it rains.” on november 20, the jimu news reporter visited lianghuyuan village, xionghe town of jiangling county. the stretching golden fields in the chrysanthemum base shone under the warm winter sun with the refreshing pleasant scent permeating the air. more than 20 chrysanthemum growers were busy picking the flowers, and the director of the cooperative was encouraging them to speed up their harvest since the weather was still fine.
“天气预报说明天有降雨，要抓紧采收归仓。”两湖垸村党支部书记严伟介绍，该村今年种植江陵金菊120亩，种植面积比去年翻了一番，按照目前的长势情况，预计今年将实现金菊丰收。
“the weather forecast says that it will rain tomorrow, so we must hurry up picking and get them stored today,” said yan wei, the party branch secretary of lianghuyuan village. he introduced that the planting areas of jiangling golden chrysanthemum doubled this year, amounting to 120 mu (about 19.76 acres) in the village. the current growth promises a bumper harvest of chrysanthemums this year.
严伟说，两湖垸村在产业振兴的道路上曾经还有过一些弯路，但村两委经过学习、摸索，决定发展江陵金菊产业。“江陵金菊的产业带动性强，经济效益好，去年下定决心将基地干起来。”
according to yan wei, lianghuyuan village did not have a smooth passage towards revitalization. learning from their failures and the successful practices of other villages, the village committee decided to develop the industry of chrysanthemum. just as yan said,“we finally decided to build jiangling golden chrysanthemum base last year as the chrysanthemum industry yields good economic returns and brings momentum to the development of other industries.”
目前，两湖垸村的菊花基地采取小麦和菊花两季轮作的方式种植。每年小麦收割完，到5月底、6月初，菊农就开始栽种菊花，到11月中旬便可进行采摘。
at present, a rotation model of planting is adopted in the chrysanthemum base in lianghuyuan village with wheat and chrysanthemums planted alternatively. when wheat is harvested in late may or early june, farmers will proceed to plant chrysanthemums, and by mid-november, a harvest of chrysanthemums will be expected.
严伟介绍，今年，村里的菊花基地从11月15日正式启动采摘。为了在一周内将菊花全部采收完毕，村两委发动全村富余劳动力，开展金菊采收“大会战”。
yan wei introduced that growers in the village began to pick chrysanthemums on november 15. in order to finish the picking within a week, the village committee encouraged surplus labor force in the village to participate in the picking and thus launched a “battle of chrysanthemum harvest”.
“平均每天有30多人采摘，一天可采收金菊3000多斤。”严伟说，高峰期一天可号召七八十人，每天可完成上万斤的金菊入库。
“on average, about 30-odd people picked flowers and about 1500 kilogram of chrysanthemums were picked every day.” yan said. at peak time, 70 to 80 people would be called to pick chrysanthemums, and nearly 5000 kilograms were collected and stored every day.
金菊丰收，菊农乐开怀 a bumper harvest of chrysanthemums delights the growers
两湖垸村金菊基地已经成为江陵金菊原料基地，每年采摘的菊花都有稳定的收购方。“去年的收购价为每斤2.2元，总计增加村集体经济收入14万多元。”严伟说，金菊产业已经显现出产业带动的强劲动力，还解决了农村富余劳动力的就近“上班”，增加了劳务收入。
the chrysanthemum bases in lianghuyuan village have become the source of raw materials for jiangling county, with stable chrysanthemum buyers every year. “last year, the purchasing price of chrysanthemum was 2.2 yuan for 500g. it has increased the collective income of our village by more than 140,000 rmb in total.” said yan. the chrysanthemum industry has showed strong power in driving the development of other industries. it offers jobs for the surplus rural workers to work at their home and increases their incomes.
严伟说，如果市场行情一路看好，两湖垸村明年或还将扩大种植规模。同时，将上马金菊烘干厂，延伸金菊的深加工产业链，进一步带动村民增收。
yan said that if market prospect continued to be positive, lianghuyuan village might expand the scale of chrysanthemum planting next year. a chrysanthemum drying factory will be built for the deep processing of chrysanthemum to further increase the income of the villagers.
为金菊赋能，撬动产业振兴
empowering the golden chrysanthemum industry to revive the rural economy
小小一朵金菊，到底蕴含多大能量？
how powerful could a small chrysanthemum be?
江陵推介一款地理标志产品，习惯从文化历史和现实需求两个维度剖析，然后找到一种令人无法拒绝的理由，江陵金菊亦是如此。
jiangling county often promotes a product of geographic indication by highlighting its historic and cultural values as well as its market significance. this is what it has done with the introduction of jiangling golden chrysanthemum----finding its undeniable charm and value.
“九日龙山饮，黄花笑逐臣。醉看风落帽，舞爱月留人。”诗仙李白的《九日龙山饮》记录着他在重阳节登山饮酒时，漫山的黄菊盛开，引发诗仙共情的情景。
“drinking on mount longshan on the ninth day, chrysanthemums seemed to laugh at me chased away. drunken i looked wind blow the hat off, dancing the moon invited me to stay.” the poem written by li bai, a great poet in tang dynasty vividly depicts the scene when he drank wine with his friends on the double ninth festival on mount longshan where chrysanthemums were blooming everywhere.
李白的诗虽作于安徽当涂，但却将诗仙与黄菊联系起来。江陵人借用诗仙的诗意，为江陵金菊赋予文化内涵，小小金菊便尽显文化味。
mount longshan is located in dangtu, anhui province. it connects li bai, the poet-immortal to chrysanthemum. jiangling people wisely borrowed from lis poem the poetic chrysanthemum and endowed with it rich cultural connotations, thus a small chrysanthemum is more charming than ever.
长江中游荆江北岸，江汉平原腹地，四湖流域西部，这是江陵的地理区位，再搭配四季分明的气候和相对适宜的日照条件，这让江陵金菊成为当地的绝佳种植选择。
jiangling county is located north of jingjiang river in the middle reach of yangtze river. it is in the central part of jianghan plain to the west of the four-lake basin. its advantageous geographical location coupled with its' unique weather featuring distinctive seasons and ample sunshine makes jiangling the perfect place for the planting of jiangling golden chrysanthemums.
而这些得天独厚的条件，也让江陵金菊的食用价值和药用价值俱佳。江陵县菊花协会会长李克初介绍，江陵金菊富含矿物质磷和维生素c，具有保护视力、养肝明目、养颜美容、解毒消炎等功能。“泡茶时汤液清澈、金黄带绿，味甘醇美，富含多类化合物及维生素、微量元素。”
jiangling golden chrysanthemums also boast great edible and medical value due to the favorable geographical and weather conditions. li kechu, the president of jianglings chrysanthemum society introduced that jiangling golden chrysanthemums was rich in mineral phosphorus and vitamin c, which has benefits for the liver and sight, maintain healthy skin, detoxify and reduce the risk of inflammation. “when making tea with jiangling golden chrysanthemums, you will enjoy a cup of tea which is golden clear with a lasting aroma and rich in minerals and micro nutrients.”
2015年，国家工商总局商标局给江陵金菊颁发“地理标志证明商标”，这也成为江陵县首个独特的地标农产品。
in 2015, the trademark office of the state administration for industry and commerce awarded jiangling golden chrysanthemum the “certification trademark of the geographical indication”. it is the first agricultural product of geographical indication in jiangling county.
江陵金菊 jiangling golden chrysanthemums
凭借“江陵金菊”的金字招牌，经过近30年的发展，江陵县金菊产业异军突起。李克初介绍，去年种植高峰期，全县金菊种植面积达到1.8万亩，全县60%的村庄都种植有金菊。
with this trademark, the chrysanthemum industry in jiangling county developed rapidly in the past three decades. li kechu introduced that the planting areas of golden chrysanthemums reached 18,000 mu, covering 60% of the villages last year.
“追求经济效益，品牌效应，带动增收是首要的。”李克初并不太认同一味扩大种植面积的做法。他认为，若盲目扩张让产品质量受损，其后果是得不偿失的。
“it is of primary importance to pursue economic benefits and brand effects to promote the incomes of the villagers.” li kechu said. he didn't support the idea to expand planting areas blindly as he thought that the blind expansion of planting areas at the expense of quality would only do more harm than good.
为此，李克初所在的金菊合作社专注于江陵金菊的精耕细作和深度开发。目前，该合作社的金菊种植基地辐射江陵县6个乡镇的30个村庄，建设示范基地60亩，发动菊农种植800亩。
for this reason, the golden chrysanthemum cooperative where li kechu works focuses more on the intensive cultivation and further development of chrysanthemums. at present, the cooperatives bases cover 30 villages in 6 counties with 60 mu demonstration areas and 800 mu planting areas for the local chrysanthemum growers.
以“公司＋基地＋农户”的订单模式，李克初所在的合作社保价回收金菊鲜花，然后进行深加工，产品已销往武汉、郑州、杭州、广州等城市的茶叶批发市场、中药材批发市场，部分产品还出口东南亚国家。
li's cooperative adopts a chain sales model that connects the company, the base and the growers. they purchase the chrysanthemums from the growers at a guaranteed price and deep process them and sell them to the whole-sale markets for teas and herbal medicines in wuhan, zhengzhou, hangzhou, guangzhou and other cities. some chrysanthemum products are exported to countries in southeast asia.
畅通产销渠道，让“江陵好物”走出去
an online offline sales model facilitates jiangling products to go national
李克初给极目新闻记者算了一笔账：今年因遭受干旱天气影响，亩产金菊达不到往年的3000斤，按照亩产2000斤保守计算，每斤2.5元至3元不等的价格收购金菊鲜花，菊农每亩可实现毛收入5000元以上。
li kechu told the reporter that due to the impact of the drought this year, the output of chrysanthemums per mu was about 1000 kilograms, less than that of the previous year which reached 1500 kilograms. it is estimated that growers can achieve a gross income of more than 5000 yuan per mu by selling chrysanthemums at the price of 2.5 to 3 yuan per 500g this year.
“好品质才能卖出好价钱。”李克初说。据江陵县菊花协会估算，今年，全县菊花种植面积或只接近3000亩，仅仅占到种植高峰期的约17%，但集约化种植将带来更好的收益。
“good quality ensures a good price.” li kechu said. the chrysanthemum association of jiangling estimates that the planting areas of chrysanthemums in the county this year are approximately 3000 mu, just about 17% of the planting areas at its peak times. but the intensive cultivation will bring more benefits.
目前，江陵县已培育形成了近30家金菊加工企业或合作社，将直接带动农村富余劳动力实现“家门口”就业。借助“千里江陵”区域公用品牌，江陵金菊已经在各大电商平台销售。
at present, jiangling county has set up approximately 30 chrysanthemum processing factories or cooperatives, which will offer the rural surplus workers a chance to get directly employed in their hometown. with the help of the regional public brand “qianli jiangling”, jiangling golden chrysanthemum has been sold on various e-commerce platforms.
江陵金菊种植基地鸟瞰 a bird view of jiangling golden chrysanthemum bases
不过，对于经营近30年金菊产品的李克初来说，他们的线下销售渠道则更抢眼。销售数据显示，李克初的合作社线上、线下销售的比例大致为1:4，线下经销商已遍布全国各主要城市。“未来，线上销售将是公司扩宽渠道的重要方向。”他说，希望一朵小小金菊搭乘“千里江陵”区域公用品牌快车，实现香飘全国。
however, to li kechu, who has engaged in chrysanthemum industry for almost 30 years, their offline sales are more outstanding. according to sales data, the ratio of online sales to offline sales in the cooperative of li kechu stands at 1:4, and their offline dealership has been seen in major cities across the country. li adds, “we will expand our online sales and we hope that our chrysanthemums will ride the wave of our regional brand “qianli jiangling” to gain nationwide popularity.”
据介绍，“千里江陵”区域公用品牌以打造“生态、精品、高端”农产品为方向，立足当地的自然条件和优势产业，以江陵县农产品龙头企业为主体，整合全县特色优势农产品产业，已完成八大产品系列类别的甄选。
“qianli jiangling” is a regional public brand, aiming to promote ecological, high-end quality local products based on the favorable natural conditions and the countys competitive industries. now with the leading agricultural enterprises in jiangling county as the main body, the competitive agricultural products and industries are integrated and eight categories of agricultural products are selected for the national promotion.
截至目前，已明确授权使用“千里江陵”区域公用品牌企业达25家，涵盖大米、菜籽油、菊花、黄桃、小龙虾、香菇、鱼糕、藕带等八大类32个产品。
up to now, twenty-five enterprises have been authorized to use “qiangli jiangling” regional public brand and 32 products in eight categories are selected, including rice, rapeseed oil, chrysanthemums, yellow peaches, shrimp, mushrooms, breaded fish sticks and lotus sprouts etc.
江陵县相关部门负责人介绍，“千里江陵”区域公用品牌极大调动了农产品生产加工企业参与品牌建设的积极性和主动性，包括江陵金菊在内的一大批“江陵好物”正搭乘品牌快车，实现线上、线下销售渠道的扩展。
officials in jiangling county said that “qiangli jiangling” regional public brand had greatly spurred the initiative of agricultural manufacturing and processing enterprises to get engaged in the brand construction. a batch of jiangling specialties including jiangling golden chrysanthemum will take advantage of the brand, expanding their online and offline sales.
（本版图片由通讯员樊孝银提供 pictures are provided by correspondent fan xiaoyin）